WRIT Pages: Index Time-series

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Information:Index time-series page are listed in the table that follow along with a link to the data values and documentation. While we attempt to keep time-series updated, some time-series may not be. More recent data may be available at the source.. Please also note that indices even for the same phenomena may not be defined the same way. As an example, some teleconnections are defined by a pattern for one season while another source may use a pattern that changes seasonally. Climatologies may differ, input datasets may differ, and so forth. Some index timeseries may not be defined for all months. Users need to look at the data and documentation to determine if it is useful for them and how to interpret results. Also note that all timeseries in the PSL format start in January even if the actual data doesn't start until later in year. Similarly all time-series end in December. Missing values are to fill in 12 months of values, if needed.

Citations: Time-series should be properly cited in publications. Our suggestion is to use italized citation follow by "Accessed [Day] [Month] [Year] from https://psl.noaa.gov/data/writ/". For example

Atlantic Hurricane count. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1. Accessed [Day] [Month] [Year] from https://psl.noaa.gov/data/writ/

Time-series

*Ocean Time-series*
Name	Start Date¹	End Date¹	Source	Dataset Used (if relevent)	Data Values	Citation and Notes. Suggested citation in italics
Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM)	Jan 1948	near present	U of Wisconsin	NCEP R1	Data	Atlantic Meridional Mode: Chiang, J. C. H., and D. J. Vimont: Analagous meridional modes of atmosphere-ocean variability in the tropical Pacific and tropical Atlantic. J. Climate,17(21), 4143-4158.
Dipole Mode Index DMI (IOD)	Jan 1870	near present	NOAA/PSL	HadISST1.1	Data	From the website http://www.jamstec.go.jp/frcgc/research/d1/iod/iod/dipole_mode_index.html
Hurricane: Atlantic count	Jan 1851	2016	CSU	HURDAT2	Data	Calculated by Phil Klotzbach from HURDAT2. Atlantic Hurricane count. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1.
The North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO)	Jan 1950	near present	Georgia Tech	AVISO SSHa	Data	From their NPGO website. Citation is Di Lorenzo E., Schneider N., Cobb K. M., Chhak, K, Franks P. J. S., Miller A. J., McWilliams J. C., Bograd S. J., Arango H., Curchister E., Powell T. M. and P. Rivere, 2008: North Pacific Gyre Oscillation links ocean climate and ecosystem change. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L08607, doi:10.1029/2007GL032838.
Hurricane: Atlantic count	Jan 1851	2016	CSU	HURDAT2	Data	Calculated by Phil Klotzbach from HURDAT2. Atlantic Hurricane count. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1.
Hurricane: Atlantic ACE	Jan 1851	2016	CSU	HURDAT2	Data	Atlantic Hurricane ACE. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1.
Hurricane: NW Pacific count	Jan 1951	2016	CSU	Joint Typhoon Warning Center dataset	Data	NW Pacific Hurricane Count: Calculated by Phil Klotzbach from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center dataset as archived in the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Knapp et al. (2010): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2009BAMS2755.1
Hurricane: NW Pacific ACE	Jan 1951	2016	CSU	Joint Typhoon Warning Center dataset	Data	NW Pacific Hurricane Ace: Calculated by Phil Klotzbach from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center dataset as archived in the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Knapp et al. (2010): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2009BAMS2755.1.
Hurricane: NE Pacific count	Jan 1971	2016	CSU	HURDAT2	Data	NE Pacific Hurricane count. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1.
Hurricane: NE Pacific ACE	Jan 1971	2016	CSU	HURDAT2	Data	NE Pacific Hurricane ACE. Landsea and Franklin (2013): http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1.
Niño 1+2: SST 0N-10S, 90W-80W	Jan 1870	near present	NOAA/PSL	HadISST1.1	Data	Niño 1+2 calculated from the HadISST1.1 dataset at NOAA/ESRL
Niño 3: SST 5N-5S,150W-90W	Jan 1870	near present	NOAA/PSL	HadISST1.1	Data	Niño 3 calculated from the HadISST1.1 dataset at NOAA/ESRL.
Niño 3.4: SST 5N-5S,170W-120W	Jan 1870	near present	NOAA/PSL	HadISST1.1	Data	Niño 3.4 calculated from the HadISST1.1 dataset at NOAA/ESRL.
Niño 4: SST 5N-5S, 160E-150W	Jan 1870	near present	NOAA/PSL	HadISST1.1	Data	Niño 4 calculated from the HadISST1.1 dataset at NOAA/ESRL.
Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI Extended)	Jan 1871	2005	NOAA/PSL	ICOADS	Data	MEI: Obtained from https://psl.noaa.gov/enso/mei/ (V1 of MEI).
Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI V2)	Jan 1979	present	NOAA/PSL	ICOADS	Data	MEI: Obtained from https://psl.noaa.gov/enso/mei/.
Oceanic Niño Index (ONI)	Jan 1950	near present	NOAA/CPC	NOAA ERSST V5	Data	Kousky, V.E. and R.W. Higgins, 2007: An Alert Classification System for Monitoring and Assessing the ENSO Cycle. Wea. Forecasting, 22, 353–371,https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF987.1
Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)	Jan 1900	near present	U of Washington	Various	Data	Nathan J. Mantua, Steven R. Hare, Yuan Zhang, John M. Wallace, and Robert C. Francis, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, June, 1997 (Vol 78, pp 1069-1079.
Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM)	Jan 1948	near present	U of Wisconsin	NCEP R1	Data	Pacific Meridional Mode: Chiang, J. C. H., and D. J. Vimont: Analagous meridional modes of atmosphere-ocean variability in the tropical Pacific and tropical Atlantic. J. Climate,17(21), 4143-4158.
Trans-Niño Index (TNI)	Jan 1870	near present	NOAA/PSL	HadISST1.1	Data	From the PSL TNI webpage
Tripole Index (TPI)	Jan 1870	2015	NOAA/PSL	HadISST1.1	Data	Henley, B.J., Gergis, J., Karoly, D.J., Power, S.B., Kennedy, J., & Folland, C.K. (2015). A Tripole Index for the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. Climate Dynamics, 45(11-12), 3077-3090.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2525-1 . Accessed on MM DD YYYY at "/data/timeseries/IPOTPI".
Equatorial Central Pacific Heat Content: 160E-80W	Jan 1979	near present	NOAA/PSL	GODAS	Data	From GODAS. Behringer, D.W., M. Ji, and A. Leetmaa, 1998: An improved coupled model for ENSO prediction and implications for ocean initialization. Part I: The ocean data assimilation system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1013-1021

*Atmosphere Time-series*
Name	Start Date¹	End Date¹	Source	Dataset Used (if relevent)	Data Values	Citation and Notes. Suggested citation in italics
Arctic Oscillation (AO)	Jan 1950	near present	NOAA/CPC	NCEP R1	Data	Rotated Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) used by Barnston and Livezey (1987, Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1083-1126.
CO2 Mauna Loa (CO2 ML)	Jan 1958	near present	NOAA/GMD	GMD	Data	Monthly CO2 as measured on Mauna Loa. See their doc for citation and use
CO2: Global Average (CO2 GL)	Jan 1980	near present	NOAA/GMD	GMD	Data	Monthly CO2 as measured on Maula Loa. See their doc for citation and use
North Pacific Index (NP)	Jan 1899	near present	NCAR	Station Data	Data	NP Index Data provided by the Climate Analysis Section, NCAR, Boulder, USA, Trenberth and Hurrell (1994).
Aleutian Low - Beaufort Sea Anticyclone (ALBSA)	Jan 1948	near present	ESRL/GSD	Station Data	Data	ALBSA index provided by NOAA/ESRL PSL. Citation coming soon.
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)	Jan 1821	near present	CRU	Station Data	Data	Jones, P.D., Jónsson, T. and Wheeler, D., 1997: Extension to the North Atlantic Oscillation using early instrumental pressure observations from Gibraltar and South-West Iceland. Int. J. Climatol. 17, 1433-1450. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(19971115)17:13<1433::AID-JOC203>3.0.CO;2-P
Greenland Blocking Index (GBI)	Jan 1851	near present	U of Lincoln	20CRV2c and R1	Data	Hanna, E., T.E. Cropper, R.J. Hall, and J. Cappelen (2016) Greenland Blocking Index 1851–2015: a regional climate change signal. International Journal of Climatology, DOI: 10.1002/joc.4673.
Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO)	Jan 1948	near present	NOAA/PSL	NCEP R1	Data	QBO: Calculated from the NCEP/R1 30mb uwnd. Graystone, P. (1959). "Meteorological office discussion on tropical meteorology". Met. Mag. 88: 117.
Pacific North American Index (PNA)	Jan 1950	near present	NOAA/CPC	NCEP R1	Data	Barnston, A.G. and R.E. Livezey, 1987: Classification, Seasonality and Persistence of Low-Frequency Atmospheric Circulation Patterns. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1083–1126,https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1083:CSAPOL>2.0.CO;2
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)	Jan 1851	near present	NOAA/PSL	20CRV2c	Data	From Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 26, No.4 pages 459-462 DOI: 10.1029/1999GL900003 "Definition of Antarctic Oscillation index" Daoyi Gong, Shaowu Wang.
Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)	Jan 1870	near present	CRU		Data	Ropelewski, C.F. and Jones, P.D., 1987: An extension of the Tahiti-Darwin Southern Oscillation Index. Monthly Weather Review 115, 2161-2165.

*Precipitation Time-series*
Name	Start Date¹	End Date¹	Source	Dataset Used (if relevent)	Data Values	Citation and Notes. Suggested citation in italics
N. Sierra 8 station precipitation index	Oct 1920	near present	CDEC	CDEC	Data	CDEC http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/precip1/8STATIONHIST
C. Sierra 5 station precipitation index	Oct 1913	near present	CDEC	CDEC	Data	CDEC http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/precip1/8STATIONHIST
S. Sierra 6 station precipitation index	Nov 1921	near present	CDEC	CDEC	Data	CDEC http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/precip1/8STATIONHIST
Upper Colorado Basin precipitation	Jan 1895	near present	PSL (from NCEI data)	PSL	Data	https://psl.noaa.gov/gcos_wgsp/Timeseries/UpperCOP/

*Global Temperature*
Name	Start Date¹	End Date¹	Source	Dataset Used (if relevent)	Data Values	Citation and Notes. Suggested citation in italics
Global SST/T	Jan 1880	near present	NOAA/PSL	NASA GISTEMP	Data	GLOBAL Land-Ocean Temperature Index from NASA: https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata_v3/GLB.Ts+dSST.txt.
Global Land T	Jan 1880	near present	NOAA/PSL	NASA GISTEMP	Data	GLOBAL Land Temperature Index from NASA: https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata_v3/GLB.Ts.txt.
Global SST/T	Jan 1850	near present	NOAA/PSL	Berkeley T	Data	GLOBAL Land-Ocean Temperature Index from Berkeley: http://berkeleyearth.org/data/.
Global Land T	Jan 1880	near present	NOAA/PSL	Berkeley T	Data	GLOBAL Land-Ocean Temperature Index from Berkeley: http://berkeleyearth.org/data/.
Global SST/T HadCRUT5	Jan 1850	near present	CRU	HadCRUT5	Data	GLOBAL Land-Ocean Temperature Index from CRU: https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/temperature/
Global T CRUTEM5	Jan 1850	near present	CRU	CRUTEM5	Data	GLOBAL Land Temperature Index from CRU https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/temperature/

*Other Time-series*
Name	Start Date¹	End Date¹	Source	Dataset Used (if relevent)	Data Values	Citation and Notes. Suggested citation in italics
NH Ice Extent	Nov 1878	near present	NSIDC	G02135: Sea Ice Index, Version 3	Data	Fetterer, F., K. Knowles, W. Meier, M. Savoie, and A. K. Windnagel. 2017, updated daily. Sea Ice Index, Version 3. [Indicate subset used]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5K072F8.
NH Ice Area	Nov 1978	near present	NSIDC	G02135: Sea Ice Index, Version 3	Data	Fetterer, F., K. Knowles, W. Meier, M. Savoie, and A. K. Windnagel. 2017, updated daily. Sea Ice Index, Version 3. [Indicate subset used]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5K072F8.
SH Ice Extent	Nov 1978	near present	NSIDC	G02135: Sea Ice Index, Version 3	Data	Fetterer, F., K. Knowles, W. Meier, M. Savoie, and A. K. Windnagel. 2017, updated daily. Sea Ice Index, Version 3. [Indicate subset used]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5K072F8.
SH Ice Area	Nov 1978	near present	NSIDC	G02135: Sea Ice Index, Version 3	Data	Fetterer, F., K. Knowles, W. Meier, M. Savoie, and A. K. Windnagel. 2017, updated daily. Sea Ice Index, Version 3. [Indicate subset used]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5K072F8.
Sunspot Count	Jan 1749	near present	WDC-SILSO	Observations	Data	SIDC, RWC Belgium, World Data Center for the Sunspot Index, Royal Observatory of Belgium, `year(s)-of-data'.
Solar	Jan 1948	near present	NOAA/NCEI		Data	https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/f107-cm-radio-emissions
Upper Colorado Basin temperature	Jan 1895	near present	PSL (from NCEI data)	PSL	Data	https://psl.noaa.gov/Timeseries/UpperCOT/
Lee's Ferry Natural Streamflow (upper CO Basin Streamflow)	Oct 1905	Dec 2015	PSL (from NCEI data)	PSL	Data	https://psl.noaa.gov/gcos_wgsp/Timeseries/LeesFerryFlow/

WRIT is supported in part by NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Laboratory, the NOAA Climate Program Office, and the US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER). WRIT contributes to the Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE) Initiative.