1851 2011 1851 -0.488 0.117 -0.315 -0.499 -0.473 -1.137 -2.096 -2.040 -0.190 0.628 0.334 0.341 1852 -1.133 -3.454 -2.110 -2.384 -1.467 -0.192 -2.143 -4.139 -1.072 -1.547 -0.778 -1.175 1853 -1.693 -3.406 -0.962 -2.549 -0.160 -0.656 -2.805 -1.065 -1.841 -2.974 -1.323 -1.354 1854 -1.684 -3.104 -1.714 -3.052 -1.372 -1.200 -2.399 -2.934 -2.857 -2.609 -0.401 -0.793 1855 -2.524 -2.811 -2.777 -0.630 -0.924 -1.718 -2.879 -3.717 -1.253 -0.670 -0.523 -1.453 1856 -2.486 -2.752 -2.031 -2.129 -2.611 -6.407 -4.035 -3.061 -1.004 -3.805 -3.374 -0.787 1857 -2.850 -4.687 -4.185 -1.778 -2.395 -2.745 -1.991 -1.193 -1.738 -2.578 -1.284 -1.576 1858 -6.058 -3.600 -1.768 -4.208 -2.603 -1.850 -0.406 -3.165 -1.843 -0.756 -0.176 -1.661 1859 -0.526 -3.914 -3.783 -4.253 -3.146 -1.868 -1.801 -2.693 -1.491 -1.816 -0.315 -0.467 1860 -0.603 -3.505 -1.430 -1.442 -1.027 -1.001 -1.807 -2.854 -0.584 -0.074 0.502 1.758 1861 -0.306 -1.315 -0.985 -1.569 0.122 -2.100 -2.601 -0.977 -0.563 -1.567 -2.056 -0.294 1862 -2.270 -2.384 -2.281 -2.140 -1.729 -1.516 -3.608 -3.190 -2.725 -3.261 -1.146 -1.337 1863 -1.969 -2.904 -2.124 -1.371 -0.677 2.007 -0.332 -2.686 -1.058 -1.104 -1.569 -1.347 1864 -1.218 -2.190 -1.456 -0.960 -0.781 -0.725 -2.412 -2.145 -1.233 -0.679 -0.387 0.290 1865 -1.366 -1.338 -1.804 -0.360 -2.366 -1.509 -0.723 -0.780 -0.468 0.058 0.233 0.138 1866 0.185 -1.364 -0.883 -0.259 -0.782 0.726 -1.948 -2.941 -0.753 -0.473 1.306 0.714 1867 0.156 0.002 -1.466 0.151 -2.225 -1.328 -2.891 -2.202 -1.371 -3.636 -0.522 -1.802 1868 -2.033 -2.202 -1.531 -0.876 -0.432 -0.550 -2.327 -1.838 -0.472 -0.033 1.086 0.628 1869 -1.350 -1.461 -0.458 -0.939 -1.244 -1.333 -1.536 -0.771 0.164 -2.156 0.553 1.249 1870 -0.115 -1.917 -1.354 0.001 0.137 0.008 -1.362 -2.746 0.319 -0.052 0.137 -1.277 1871 -1.446 -1.971 -1.513 0.218 -0.662 -0.430 -2.460 -1.191 -1.987 -1.825 0.485 1.248 1872 0.928 -0.593 -0.857 -1.960 -2.688 -2.831 -2.413 -1.776 1.592 0.116 0.783 0.498 1873 -0.548 -1.257 -0.602 -2.273 -0.710 -0.630 -1.537 -1.029 -1.904 -1.696 -0.142 0.218 1874 -1.738 -1.776 -1.971 -2.412 -1.392 -0.236 -0.987 -2.764 -1.285 -2.336 -0.838 0.183 1875 -1.552 -1.012 -0.571 0.353 -0.042 0.140 -0.072 -1.470 -1.487 -2.229 -1.164 -0.195 1876 -1.778 -2.505 -3.492 -0.468 0.794 0.019 -1.586 -1.492 -0.642 -1.132 -3.505 -2.403 1877 -2.317 -1.699 -0.643 -0.619 -1.484 1.659 -1.189 -2.680 -0.664 -0.642 -1.095 0.058 1878 -2.133 -1.974 -2.426 -2.405 0.853 -0.949 -3.309 -4.493 -2.781 -3.442 -0.392 -1.140 1879 -1.254 -2.169 -1.981 -0.347 -0.444 -1.099 -1.476 -1.301 0.819 -2.161 -4.369 -2.961 1880 -2.621 -1.775 -1.971 -1.161 -3.243 -1.020 -1.700 -3.151 0.341 -1.279 -0.555 -1.532 1881 -2.852 -2.265 -2.392 -0.196 0.041 0.341 -0.354 -1.085 0.240 0.164 -0.792 -1.950 1882 -2.757 -0.711 -1.516 -4.372 -1.680 -1.176 -2.072 -2.924 -2.621 -2.613 0.020 -0.208 1883 -2.886 -2.210 -4.676 -4.226 -1.980 -1.870 -1.901 1.246 -0.131 -1.322 -3.388 -3.852 1884 -4.150 -4.181 -2.168 -4.853 -2.806 -0.604 -0.424 -5.323 -0.758 -3.758 -2.444 -5.852 1885 -5.406 -5.238 -5.596 -4.606 -1.315 -2.297 -1.464 -4.227 -1.266 -3.285 -0.963 -2.693 1886 -3.776 -7.011 -4.819 -2.230 -1.181 -1.439 -1.434 -6.387 -1.822 -1.474 -1.037 1.265 1887 -0.697 0.098 -2.064 -0.044 0.182 -3.814 -1.146 -4.040 -5.313 -2.012 -0.270 -1.171 1888 -1.441 -4.359 -4.058 -2.799 -1.829 -2.254 -2.010 -2.887 -2.810 -1.654 -3.546 -0.935 1889 -2.039 -3.179 -2.216 -1.315 -1.183 -2.144 -0.537 -0.828 0.555 0.240 -1.852 -1.713 1890 -2.018 -1.648 -1.369 -1.504 0.033 0.735 -0.231 -1.297 -2.703 -4.936 -1.656 -0.755 1891 -1.885 -3.662 -3.282 -0.624 0.024 -0.580 -2.055 0.184 0.243 -1.452 -0.547 -0.251 1892 -2.975 -4.709 -2.719 -0.429 0.629 0.170 -0.328 -1.928 0.642 0.236 -1.097 -1.392 1893 -2.079 -1.056 -0.897 -2.614 -0.664 -1.194 -0.808 0.285 -2.447 -1.942 -0.462 -0.689 1894 -1.686 -1.993 -1.330 -1.325 -1.244 -0.433 -1.097 -1.416 0.163 -0.598 -1.825 0.140 1895 0.116 -1.642 0.064 -1.719 0.801 0.354 -3.205 -1.520 -1.935 -2.762 -3.677 -3.417 1896 -2.078 -1.443 -2.773 -2.604 0.875 -0.302 -1.653 0.045 -1.030 -2.188 -0.193 -0.029 1897 -2.095 -1.446 -5.165 -3.881 -1.005 1.805 -0.636 0.323 -0.033 -1.491 -0.658 -0.125 1898 -2.029 -3.145 -2.310 -0.276 -0.879 -0.595 -2.081 -0.079 -1.470 -2.281 -4.825 -2.413 1899 -4.928 -0.207 -0.551 -3.924 -0.805 -0.237 -2.299 -1.153 3.118 -1.325 -4.056 -3.404 1900 -2.047 -2.012 -4.021 -1.846 -0.382 -0.625 -3.160 -1.220 1.037 -2.676 -1.689 -1.501 1901 -4.068 -1.859 -2.311 -2.182 -0.406 -0.425 -2.056 -2.500 0.021 -0.576 -1.185 -1.325 1902 -3.421 -2.302 -3.596 -1.462 -1.815 -0.266 -0.453 0.930 -1.417 -0.599 -2.165 -0.847 1903 -1.898 -0.012 -2.844 -1.456 1.215 0.498 1.120 -0.596 -2.091 0.590 1.859 0.153 1904 0.931 -2.378 -0.331 -3.012 -2.182 -2.465 -1.342 -0.612 -1.742 -2.320 -1.553 -1.909 1905 -2.605 -1.792 -1.537 -1.253 -1.986 -1.972 -2.644 -0.163 -0.819 -1.326 -1.178 -0.933 1906 -2.131 -3.275 -2.396 -3.294 -0.014 -0.615 -1.877 -0.361 -0.701 -1.359 0.102 1.510 1907 0.431 -0.016 -0.179 -1.345 -0.051 0.653 -2.388 -5.486 -3.578 -0.543 1.249 -0.681 1908 0.463 -0.802 -0.403 -1.620 -0.646 -0.585 -1.134 -0.246 0.687 -0.449 0.882 -1.824 1909 -0.787 1.316 -1.509 -1.320 0.443 1.381 0.517 -1.566 -0.218 -2.814 -2.151 -1.138 1910 -1.349 -1.554 -2.235 -1.694 -0.317 -1.285 -2.844 -1.018 1.333 0.496 -0.726 -0.951 1911 -1.651 -1.283 0.258 -3.211 -0.018 0.402 -0.243 0.736 -0.606 -1.957 -4.451 -5.850 1912 -1.055 -0.923 -0.965 -0.962 1.356 1.432 0.680 -1.495 -4.292 -0.970 -2.038 -1.549 1913 -1.329 -2.797 -4.942 -1.469 -0.607 -1.322 -2.050 -3.237 -1.018 -2.106 -4.818 -4.565 1914 -2.202 -3.813 -4.104 -3.597 -0.405 -2.097 -2.734 -1.910 -0.357 -0.831 -0.504 0.034 1915 -0.950 -2.177 -2.726 -3.196 -1.121 -0.376 -0.747 -3.358 -2.935 -2.362 -2.786 1.034 1916 -1.108 -3.017 -3.748 -4.205 -1.471 -0.686 -0.719 -2.708 0.576 -0.542 -0.287 0.993 1917 -0.725 -1.743 -2.075 -0.293 -0.980 -1.737 -2.675 -0.562 -1.870 0.080 0.662 0.643 1918 1.641 -0.019 -1.777 -1.085 -1.824 -2.242 -2.409 -1.247 0.769 -0.882 -0.632 0.691 1919 -1.947 0.675 -2.324 -0.572 -0.175 0.037 0.463 0.595 -0.354 -0.652 0.970 0.271 1920 0.199 -0.098 -2.075 0.634 -3.266 -2.487 -1.761 -1.240 -0.658 -1.476 -1.374 -1.670 1921 -0.548 -1.965 -2.809 -2.415 -3.508 -1.749 0.192 -1.055 0.471 -3.513 -1.475 -1.102 1922 -2.499 -1.919 -3.661 -2.434 -1.506 0.457 0.020 -1.097 0.850 -1.902 -0.734 -2.844 1923 -4.940 -3.385 -3.763 -1.862 -4.290 -4.785 -3.381 -3.036 -2.240 -3.778 -2.752 -0.369 1924 -2.620 -3.874 -2.591 -1.765 -1.363 0.484 0.248 0.116 0.634 -3.049 -1.968 -0.888 1925 -1.377 -3.726 -3.145 -0.218 -0.944 -1.095 -1.475 -1.613 -3.428 -3.332 -2.652 -1.613 1926 -3.831 -6.881 -2.732 -3.713 -3.160 -0.869 -2.744 -2.583 -1.000 -4.882 -2.118 -1.187 1927 -1.556 -3.338 -1.082 -1.747 -0.072 0.057 -1.965 -3.930 -1.372 -0.632 -0.205 -0.412 1928 -1.696 -1.561 -1.357 -1.290 0.482 -3.036 -0.884 -0.668 -2.519 -4.112 -2.082 -1.656 1929 -3.449 -2.528 -2.180 -3.070 -0.226 -1.157 -1.005 -2.971 -0.654 -0.366 -3.523 -4.483 1930 -0.878 0.187 -0.524 -1.687 -0.676 -1.395 -4.084 -2.393 -3.622 -3.707 -2.426 -0.876 1931 -2.602 -2.914 -2.419 -1.797 0.618 0.999 -1.486 -1.073 -2.781 -0.588 -1.016 -1.878 1932 -3.471 -4.118 -2.190 -4.342 -0.807 -2.955 -2.526 -1.448 1.635 0.190 0.436 -2.363 1933 -4.175 -3.558 -3.522 -1.639 -1.509 -0.377 0.725 -1.642 -0.432 -2.302 0.113 0.307 1934 -0.140 -0.616 0.343 1.100 0.401 0.388 -0.671 0.398 -0.133 0.253 0.804 0.133 1935 -2.221 -1.536 -2.908 -4.918 -1.471 -0.038 -2.533 -4.420 -3.481 -1.353 -1.302 0.023 1936 -1.605 -1.152 -0.554 -0.957 -0.726 0.356 -1.437 -4.335 -1.035 -1.058 -1.618 -0.747 1937 -2.997 -3.602 -1.711 -4.424 -2.450 -1.752 0.425 -1.914 -1.165 -1.224 0.159 0.061 1938 0.438 -2.347 -5.364 -0.815 0.221 1.434 0.046 -2.091 -0.325 -0.597 -0.639 -2.458 1939 -3.527 -0.927 0.214 -0.455 -1.753 -3.201 -2.742 -6.211 -2.049 -1.397 -0.994 -0.783 1940 -1.312 -3.049 0.042 0.500 0.485 1.010 -0.523 1.391 1.231 -0.289 -1.537 0.571 1941 0.867 0.767 -2.660 -0.493 1.175 0.817 -1.275 -1.958 -0.054 -1.021 -0.936 0.062 1942 -0.485 -1.909 -2.869 -0.520 -0.390 -0.449 -0.513 -2.912 -1.519 -1.130 0.678 1.233 1943 -1.323 -3.415 -0.801 -0.255 0.997 1.039 -1.364 -0.182 1.060 0.012 0.459 1.192 1944 -0.004 -1.318 -2.132 -2.395 -0.771 0.860 -0.876 1.840 1.227 0.026 -2.003 -2.950 1945 -1.091 -1.923 -1.989 -0.974 -1.349 -2.541 0.109 -1.208 -0.987 -1.524 0.576 0.946 1946 -0.192 -2.267 -1.500 -1.007 -0.557 -0.112 -3.693 -2.727 0.403 -1.201 -4.762 -1.446 1947 -2.753 0.205 0.699 0.275 0.201 -0.919 -1.674 -1.302 0.681 -1.174 -0.217 -0.505 1948 -0.970 -0.593 -0.751 -0.880 -1.972 1.751 -1.135 -3.303 -2.260 -1.603 -1.559 -1.876 1949 -2.420 -2.552 -0.661 -2.703 -0.577 1.641 -1.498 0.058 0.617 -1.975 -0.409 -4.008 1950 -3.553 0.242 -2.795 -2.217 -0.535 -0.329 2.039 -0.705 -0.263 -0.457 -1.562 0.672 1951 0.608 0.358 -0.958 -3.476 -1.330 -0.568 -0.261 -3.050 0.679 -3.519 -6.533 -2.934 1952 -1.922 1.184 -2.126 -1.916 -2.440 -3.330 1.460 -0.111 -1.738 -1.184 -2.418 -0.897 1953 -0.330 -1.626 -1.141 -3.997 -1.702 0.553 -1.712 -1.051 -1.415 -0.572 -0.942 -0.796 1954 0.459 0.533 -3.739 -0.492 -0.233 -1.091 -1.768 -2.183 1.448 0.620 -1.740 -2.688 1955 -0.032 1.406 0.641 -1.422 0.130 1.185 -0.109 -4.445 0.872 -1.953 -3.183 -1.130 1956 -2.606 -2.258 -0.345 -2.491 -0.946 0.345 -1.743 -2.282 -1.028 -0.025 -2.476 -3.127 1957 -2.587 -1.740 0.613 -2.732 -2.446 -1.898 0.325 -3.146 0.619 -2.256 -4.193 -2.717 1958 -0.263 -1.994 -2.458 -2.392 -2.650 0.098 -3.324 1.300 2.206 -0.638 -1.143 0.352 1959 0.876 -0.666 -0.510 -4.654 -2.055 0.004 -0.318 -1.290 3.049 -1.441 1.973 -0.932 1960 -1.029 0.060 1.758 -1.520 -0.506 -0.147 0.936 0.530 0.850 -0.641 -0.072 -0.648 1961 -1.390 -2.642 -0.857 -1.391 -0.379 0.143 -0.528 -1.814 -0.669 1.844 0.644 1.335 1962 1.584 -2.717 -1.747 1.066 0.218 -1.973 1.681 -0.356 -0.392 -0.481 -3.115 0.344 1963 1.689 1.206 0.740 -0.515 -0.998 0.561 -0.988 -7.774 -3.194 -0.065 -0.184 -0.817 1964 -4.252 -2.001 -1.268 0.051 1.618 -3.190 -5.852 -2.153 1.211 -0.456 -3.723 -3.099 1965 -2.211 -7.926 -1.854 -1.802 -1.861 0.190 -1.246 -1.829 0.301 -0.333 0.049 -2.257 1966 0.038 -2.194 -3.345 -2.306 -1.761 1.679 -2.430 2.746 0.533 0.696 -3.173 -1.822 1967 -4.729 -2.241 0.483 -0.357 -0.377 1.880 0.988 0.939 -0.171 -0.423 -1.899 -1.619 1968 -1.009 -2.288 -0.713 -4.556 -2.422 0.306 1.980 -0.929 -0.997 -2.580 -4.208 -2.701 1969 -5.708 -3.017 -1.059 -3.054 -0.665 -0.984 0.641 1.192 0.753 -0.810 0.157 -1.013 1970 0.364 0.085 -2.315 -2.577 -0.532 -0.064 -0.750 1.392 -1.194 -2.446 -0.709 -2.444 1971 -2.087 -0.085 0.522 -1.986 -3.079 1.025 -1.399 0.277 -0.571 -2.545 -1.260 -2.580 1972 -3.777 -1.558 -2.402 -4.864 -0.768 -1.983 -1.437 -3.823 -0.078 -0.151 1.029 -3.166 1973 -1.680 0.564 0.727 -1.379 -2.531 0.220 0.189 1.722 -0.263 0.271 -1.259 1.811 1974 -0.429 2.206 2.075 -0.702 -0.856 -0.127 -1.025 -4.387 1.902 -1.114 -2.672 -2.550 1975 -2.680 -0.986 -0.514 -0.488 -2.954 -0.993 -2.949 1.094 2.791 0.598 -1.192 -0.211 1976 -1.788 0.478 -0.372 1.621 1.331 -0.408 0.914 -0.162 -0.119 -1.650 -4.870 -7.270 1977 -4.169 -0.070 -1.407 -2.583 -1.734 -1.904 -1.396 -1.583 1.194 -0.100 -0.426 -1.338 1978 1.292 -0.439 -0.446 -1.434 -2.251 0.496 -3.766 3.034 0.963 -0.756 -1.952 0.093 1979 0.396 0.610 1.709 -0.171 0.410 2.032 2.268 0.042 1.365 0.367 -1.851 -2.051 1980 -0.894 -2.702 -4.033 -4.604 -0.470 0.546 -2.870 -1.402 -2.423 0.976 -3.182 -2.065 1981 1.081 1.466 -2.838 -4.384 -0.251 0.406 -1.605 -3.468 -2.525 -1.118 1.169 1.831 1982 -1.221 1.454 3.758 2.479 -1.343 0.119 -0.557 0.848 1.402 -3.148 -1.163 -3.454 1983 -3.782 -1.556 1.233 -0.999 -0.334 -0.187 1.406 0.453 -1.550 1.689 1.837 -0.030 1984 -2.978 -1.582 -0.366 -0.101 -1.311 1.390 0.127 -1.791 -0.972 -1.558 0.445 -3.860 1985 -2.436 -0.359 -0.289 1.114 -0.438 -1.783 2.198 1.555 2.745 0.375 1.402 0.905 1986 0.393 -3.732 -1.342 0.030 -3.884 -0.772 -0.342 -0.214 1.311 -0.934 -0.272 1.989 1987 -2.365 -2.651 -1.859 0.482 0.345 -0.633 -1.630 1.944 -1.606 0.533 1.873 -0.169 1988 -1.270 1.316 -0.175 0.584 -1.137 -0.950 1.615 -0.726 -0.829 -4.040 1.432 1.601 1989 0.157 0.857 1.455 -0.181 3.481 3.761 0.945 -1.251 -0.331 0.343 1.533 -0.645 1990 -0.321 2.388 1.775 -4.129 -1.704 0.132 -1.195 0.358 2.994 1.458 0.259 -0.005 1991 1.381 -1.593 -0.950 -1.717 0.029 -1.640 -1.507 1.201 -3.095 -0.457 -1.976 -3.595 1992 0.230 -2.803 -2.606 -2.180 -3.188 -3.563 -0.093 -0.924 -0.683 -0.662 -0.988 -0.930 1993 -4.648 -0.458 -3.118 -0.521 1.639 1.557 2.092 0.807 1.099 0.499 -0.188 0.638 1994 0.056 2.437 -0.446 -0.223 -1.694 -3.320 -0.420 4.390 -2.161 -0.786 -1.939 0.668 1995 1.992 0.764 -0.147 0.314 2.307 -1.830 -3.724 -1.202 2.559 -0.771 0.816 1.801 1996 0.091 -1.206 1.051 0.183 1.963 -1.285 -1.412 -2.457 -3.149 1.854 -3.520 -0.057 1997 0.993 -0.248 1.008 -1.511 1.137 -0.795 0.985 0.440 -0.395 -0.881 -3.565 -0.478 1998 2.252 1.754 1.932 3.942 -1.130 2.630 4.124 3.480 1.843 0.877 2.233 1.635 1999 2.396 0.803 0.540 2.738 2.818 -1.348 0.343 -0.044 0.325 3.499 2.016 2.712 2000 2.320 2.610 0.837 1.969 2.597 0.395 -0.133 -0.837 -3.374 0.825 -2.108 -2.247 2001 0.280 -0.237 0.192 2.375 -0.197 1.215 -1.039 1.555 2.587 1.922 2.788 0.882 2002 1.162 1.845 -4.028 0.850 -3.654 -0.069 -1.605 -1.537 -0.895 -5.019 -1.412 1.766 2003 -0.705 0.366 -1.164 0.450 1.554 -0.518 1.606 0.711 -0.956 -0.574 -0.732 -1.181 2004 1.935 -2.620 0.740 0.100 1.044 1.273 1.680 -1.624 1.206 -0.001 -0.960 -1.599 2005 0.479 1.872 -0.189 2.154 -0.469 -1.575 -0.829 -0.376 -0.236 -1.108 -1.414 -3.658 2006 0.746 -1.354 2.258 -1.283 1.719 0.673 0.708 -2.456 0.433 1.670 0.983 0.228 2007 -0.491 0.721 -0.943 -1.513 0.149 -0.444 -3.225 0.828 -0.205 -0.179 -0.270 2.408 2008 1.992 0.945 2.045 -1.709 -1.545 3.444 -0.618 0.268 2.008 2.533 2.071 1.018 2009 1.129 0.709 0.471 -0.669 -0.636 -0.422 -1.819 -2.467 0.360 0.844 -2.600 0.904 2010 -0.847 -1.906 1.164 1.352 2.133 4.136 3.924 2.532 2.091 2.315 2.254 0.921 2011 -0.564 2.026 -0.122 -0.165 2.705 0.139 -0.934 -1.616 -2.619 0.953 -1.061 2.421 -999. Southern Annular Mode (SAM) from the 20CRV2c Using the definition for the AOI from paper Daoyi Gong and Shaowu Wang Definition of Antarctic Oscillation index Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 26, No.4, 459-462, February 15, 1999 DOI: 10.1029/1999GL900003 Zonal mean SLP 40S (standardized by month) minus 65S- (standardized by month) Using 1981-2010 for standardization period